Resource Guide for the Standards and Rubric for School Improvement

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Standard One:
School and District Leadership

1.1 Learning Community
1.2 Systems Focus on Student Achievement
1.3 Vision and Mission
1.4 Teacher Leadership
1.5 Communication
1.6 Growth Plans
1.7 "Reculturing" Around Accountability Systems
1.8 Data as Part of Planning
1.9 Instructional Materials
1.10 Time
1.11 Allocating Resources, Monitoring Progress
1.12 Use of Resources
1.13 Fiscal Resources



Standard Two:
Curriculum, Instruction, And Professional Development



Standard Three:
Classroom And School Assessments



Standard Four:
School Culture, Climate, And Communication



ADE Calendar of Events



Best Practices Academies

1.11 Allocating Resources, Monitoring Progress

Leadership promotes and sustains continuous school improvement by allocating resources (e.g., fiscal, human, physical, time), monitoring progress and resource use, and providing organizational structure.

A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by ensuring management of the organization, operation, and resources for a safe, efficient, and effective learning environment.

Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium,
Standards for School Leaders (Standard 3)

Suggested Evidence
  • Interviews with district and building leaders
  • Organizational chart
  • Budget
Level of Performance: Exceeds Standards
  • District/school leadership allocates and reallocates resources (e.g., fiscal, human, physical, time) and finds additional resources as needed to support the mission, belief statements, and student learning in all areas.
  • Leadership demonstrates managerial responsibility for budget monitoring and continuously seeks additional resources from outside sources (e.g., grants).
  • Leadership ensures that the building is appropriately and promptly maintained and provides a safe and equitable environment for both teachers and students.

Related Resources

Tools
AIMS Website   
This website provides Arizona teachers, administrators, students, and parents access to the AIMS Hotline phone number for tutoring help, an overview of the AIMS test, sample tests, study guides, and information about tuition waivers.
Publisher: Arizona Department of Education

Defining Current Reality: Analysis of Resources, Identifying a Starting Point (8th of 9)   
The Analysis of Resources work pages will help you honestly and precisely define your current reality in terms of time, money, people, capacity of individuals, and capacity of the system. You are invited to interview leaders and colleagues to gain information and insight into the standards-based elements prior to assigning them a performance rating.
Publication Date: June 2002
Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

Defining Current Reality: Analysis of Resources, Identifying the Important Elements (7th of 9)   
This tool will help you use data to describe your current reality and inform your action planning.
Publication Date: June 2002
Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

Examining Resources: Capacity of Individuals (5th of 9)   
This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • Do teachers understand expectations for student performance?
  • To what extent can teachers communicate standards for student performance to parents and students, and help students assess their own progress in relation to these standards?
  • To what degree are teachers capable of aligning instruction with standards?
  • Are teachers capable of collecting, analyzing, organizing, and managing accurate data on student performance?
  • To what extent do teachers use data to guide instruction?
  • Do teachers have the capacity to work effectively as part of a team?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Capacity of the System (4th of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • Does the system maintain a tight instructional focus over time?
  • Does the system routinize accountability for practice and performance in face-to-face relationships?
  • To what extent do the system's norms and structures reduce isolation and allow for direct observation, analysis, and critique of practice?
  • Do the system's norms and structures encourage the generation and movement of information throughout the system?
  • To what degree does greater discretion follow higher quality of practice and higher levels of performance?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Money (3rd of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How are discretionary funds used to improve teaching and learning?
  • Are funds distributed according to differential needs or requirements?
  • Do teachers and students have the necessary materials and technology?
  • Are funds allocated for well-maintained facilities that are conducive to learning?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: People (2nd of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How are staff selected and assigned to schools? To classrooms?
  • To what extent are the student achievement goals the dominant criteria for determining supervisory practices?
  • Are students' needs considered in class-size policies, classroom placement procedures, and student-grouping practices?
  • Are leadership roles and functions focused on instructional improvement and distributed throughout the school or district?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Time (1st of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How is instructional time allocated and used?
  • Do teachers have time for professional learning and collaboration related to standards-based practice?
  • How do leaders' symbolic actions, such as the way they spend their time, communicate what's important?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy


    Articles
    NEW! Principal Leadership in New Teacher Induction: Becoming Agents of Change   
    This article discusses the principal's role in lowering the high attrition rate among beginning teachers.
    Author: Finney Cherian and Yvette Daniel
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: International Journal of Educational Policy and Leadership

    NEW! Strategic Designs: Lessons from Leading Edge Small High Schools   
    Based on a three-year effort aimed at building understanding and tools that would support districts in creating cost-effective systems of high-performing urban high schools, Education Resource Strategies (ERS) created the following report and tools to support district leaders.
    Author: Karen Hawley Miles and Regis Anne Shields
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    NEW! What Keeps Good Teachers in the Classroom? Understanding and Reducing Teacher Turnover   
    This article discusses the costs associated with teachers leaving, the characteristics of those most likely to leave, and what can be done to prevent turnover.
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Alliance for Excellent Education

    NEW! Classroom Walkthroughs: Learning to see the trees and the forest   
    Pilter and Goodwin discuss how to effectively use walkthroughs to collect data and provide useful feedback to educators to improve instruction.
    Author: Howard Pitler with Bryan Goodwin
    Publication Date: Summer 2008
    Publisher: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL)

    NEW! Education Leadership: A Bridge to School Reform   
    Education leadership has been called the “critical bridge” that can unite the many different school reform approaches in ways that practically nothing else can. This was the central theme of The Wallace Foundation’s national education conference held in October of 2007. This report shares lessons and experiences about how states, districts and universities are going about ensuring that all schools have well-trained, well-supported leadership.
    Author: M. Christine DeVita, Richard L. Colvin, Linda Darling-Hammond, Kati Haycock
    Publication Date: 2007, December
    Publisher: Wallace Foundation

    NEW! Mathematics Intervention at the Secondary Prevention Level of a Multi-Tier Prevention System: Six Key Principles   
    The author lists and describes six principles necessary for RtI in mathematics at a secondary level.
    Author: Lynn S. Fuchs, Ph.D.
    Publication Date: Retrieved November 2008
    Publisher: RTI Action Network

    NEW! Three Simple Secrets of School-Based Coaching   
    The author gives some anecdotal pointers she has learned over her 15 years as a school-based literacy coach.
    Author: Juli Kendall
    Publication Date: November 29, 2006
    Publisher: Teacher Magazine

    Affiliate Community   
    This article describes how using a professional learning community at his school allowed a principal in a few years to transform his school from one that no one wanted to attend to one of the most successful and publicized schools in the country.
    Author: John Franklin
    Publication Date: 2002, June
    Publisher: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)

    Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled   
    This article presents findings of a study using peer, teacher, and self-reports to better understand the social and psychological problems exhibited by bullies and victims.
    Author: Jaana Juvonen, Sandra Graham, and Mark A. Schuster
    Publication Date: 2003, December
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics

    Developing Leadership Through the School Improvement Process   
    The authors discuss the idea that school improvement is no longer an option- schools are either improving or declining. The article focuses on various factors that should be taken into consideration when discussing school improvement.
    Author: Larry K. Kelly and Lawrence W. Lezotte
    Publication Date: 2003
    Publisher: NCA Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement

    Eight Questions about Implementing Standards-Based Education   
    This article, written by Robert Marzano, presents eight questions that are relevant to how standards-based education affects classroom instruction and assessment at the local level.
    Author: Robert Marzano
    Publication Date: 1996
    Publisher: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL)

    Hard Questions about Practice   
    The author believes that educators need to look closely at the organizational and instructional practices in schools that affect the learning of students and adults, in order to effectively change practices and improve student learning. Instructional practice and the improvement of instructional practice are complex and require high levels of knowledge and skills across a number of important domains. Success requires that schools have structures that develop the knowledge and skills of administrators and teachers.

    Note: The full-text article may be read for free on the ASCD Web site. Use the URL above to locate the article by date in the Archived Issues section of the Educational Leadership area.
    Author: Richard F. Elmore
    Publication Date: 2002, May
    Publisher: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)

    Instructional Coaching   
    This article provides eight factors for realizing better classroom teaching through support, feedback and intensive, individualized professional learning.
    Author: Jim Knight
    Publication Date: 2006
    Publisher: American Association of School Administrators

    Interview with Michael Fullan: Change Agent   
    In this interview, Fullan discusses the need for professional learning communities and stresses the importance of a school culture to shape professional learning and student achievement.
    Author: Dennis Sparks
    Publication Date: Winter 2003
    Publisher: National Staff Development Council (NSDC)

    Is This School A Learning Organization? 10 Ways to Tell   
    Brandt argues that schools must function as flexible and responsive learning organizations. He presents 10 characteristics which educators can use to assess whether their school is in fact functioning as a learning organization.
    Author: Ron Brandt
    Publication Date: Winter 2003
    Publisher: California Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development

    Leading in Tough Times: New Lessons for Districtwide Reform   
    This article discusses 10 components the authors feel are crucial components in the success of large-scale systemic improvement.
    Author: Michael Fullan, Al Bertani, and Joanne Quinn
    Publication Date: 2004
    Publisher: Center for Development and Learning

    The Three Stories of Educational Reform: Inside; Inside/Out; Outside/In   
    Fullan seeks to enhance discussion of educational reform by moving beyond the top-down vs. bottom-up debate to an analysis of differing perspectives of change based on internal dynamics (inside), recognition of outside forces (inside-outside), and roles of external agencies (outside-in).
    Author: Michael Fullan
    Publisher: Center for Development & Learning


    Useful Links
    NEW! Dr. Archer Video Series   
    “Dr. Anita Archer is a talented author and beloved teacher of teachers. This video series is one of her many gifts to the educational community. Produced with support from the Sonoma County Office of Education, it is made available at no cost thanks to her generous spirit.
    The series addresses strategic literacy instruction in grades K-8 using a “research to practice” approach grounded in pragmatic real-world application. Each video is 4 to 8 minutes long, has a particular strategic focus, and was shot unrehearsed in real time. A short viewing guide is included for each video, providing guidance for viewing and feedback for post-viewing applications.” Sonoma County Office of Education

    Author: Dr. Anita Archer
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Sonoma County Office of Education

    NEW! Tiered Instruction/Intervention   
    The site offers details and information on the RtI process and articles as well as descriptions of the three tiers.
    Publication Date: Retrieved November 2008
    Publisher: RTI Action Network

    Meeting the Challenge: All Students Achieving Proficiency by 2014   
    The Southwest Comprehensive Center held a regional conference for SEA leadership teams on April 4-5, 2006. As the centerpiece of the conference, CC staff worked with Content Centers to identify research studies. This page contains the summaries of the findings.
    Publication Date: 2006
    Publisher: Southwest Comprehensive Center


    Other Resources
    The School-Level Factors (Chapter 2)   
    This chapter introduces five school-level factors (curriculum, feedback, parent/community involvement, environment, and professionalism) and how they impact student achievement. Marzano also provides a rationale for his rank ordering of the factors and their impact on student achievement.

    Note: The book is available for purchase from the ASCD Web site. Use the URL above to locate the book. The full-text of Chapter 2 may be read for free on the ASCD Web site. Use the URL above to locate the chapter.
    Author: Robert J. Marzano
    Publication Date: 2003, January
    Publisher: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)




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