Resource Guide for the Standards and Rubric for School Improvement

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Standard One:
School and District Leadership

1.1 Learning Community
1.2 Systems Focus on Student Achievement
1.3 Vision and Mission
1.4 Teacher Leadership
1.5 Communication
1.6 Growth Plans
1.7 "Reculturing" Around Accountability Systems
1.8 Data as Part of Planning
1.9 Instructional Materials
1.10 Time
1.11 Allocating Resources, Monitoring Progress
1.12 Use of Resources
1.13 Fiscal Resources



Standard Two:
Curriculum, Instruction, And Professional Development



Standard Three:
Classroom And School Assessments



Standard Four:
School Culture, Climate, And Communication



ADE Calendar of Events



Best Practices Academies

1.11 Allocating Resources, Monitoring Progress

Leadership promotes and sustains continuous school improvement by allocating resources (e.g., fiscal, human, physical, time), monitoring progress and resource use, and providing organizational structure.

A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by ensuring management of the organization, operation, and resources for a safe, efficient, and effective learning environment.

Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium,
Standards for School Leaders (Standard 3)

Suggested Evidence
  • Interviews with district and building leaders
  • Organizational chart
  • Budget
Level of Performance: Exceeds Standards
  • District/school leadership allocates and reallocates resources (e.g., fiscal, human, physical, time) and finds additional resources as needed to support the mission, belief statements, and student learning in all areas.
  • Leadership demonstrates managerial responsibility for budget monitoring and continuously seeks additional resources from outside sources (e.g., grants).
  • Leadership ensures that the building is appropriately and promptly maintained and provides a safe and equitable environment for both teachers and students.

Related Resources

Tools
AIMS Website   
This website provides Arizona teachers, administrators, students, and parents access to the AIMS Hotline phone number for tutoring help, an overview of the AIMS test, sample tests, study guides, and information about tuition waivers.
Publisher: Arizona Department of Education

Defining Current Reality: Analysis of Resources, Identifying a Starting Point (8th of 9)   
The Analysis of Resources work pages will help you honestly and precisely define your current reality in terms of time, money, people, capacity of individuals, and capacity of the system. You are invited to interview leaders and colleagues to gain information and insight into the standards-based elements prior to assigning them a performance rating.
Publication Date: June 2002
Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

Defining Current Reality: Analysis of Resources, Identifying the Important Elements (7th of 9)   
This tool will help you use data to describe your current reality and inform your action planning.
Publication Date: June 2002
Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

Examining Resources: Capacity of Individuals (5th of 9)   
This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • Do teachers understand expectations for student performance?
  • To what extent can teachers communicate standards for student performance to parents and students, and help students assess their own progress in relation to these standards?
  • To what degree are teachers capable of aligning instruction with standards?
  • Are teachers capable of collecting, analyzing, organizing, and managing accurate data on student performance?
  • To what extent do teachers use data to guide instruction?
  • Do teachers have the capacity to work effectively as part of a team?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Capacity of the System (4th of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • Does the system maintain a tight instructional focus over time?
  • Does the system routinize accountability for practice and performance in face-to-face relationships?
  • To what extent do the system's norms and structures reduce isolation and allow for direct observation, analysis, and critique of practice?
  • Do the system's norms and structures encourage the generation and movement of information throughout the system?
  • To what degree does greater discretion follow higher quality of practice and higher levels of performance?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Money (3rd of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How are discretionary funds used to improve teaching and learning?
  • Are funds distributed according to differential needs or requirements?
  • Do teachers and students have the necessary materials and technology?
  • Are funds allocated for well-maintained facilities that are conducive to learning?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: People (2nd of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How are staff selected and assigned to schools? To classrooms?
  • To what extent are the student achievement goals the dominant criteria for determining supervisory practices?
  • Are students' needs considered in class-size policies, classroom placement procedures, and student-grouping practices?
  • Are leadership roles and functions focused on instructional improvement and distributed throughout the school or district?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy

    Examining Resources: Time (1st of 9)   
    This section of CSLA's Time, Money, People, and Capacity: Allocating and Aligning Resources in a Standards-Based System helps you analyze the following topics:
  • How is instructional time allocated and used?
  • Do teachers have time for professional learning and collaboration related to standards-based practice?
  • How do leaders' symbolic actions, such as the way they spend their time, communicate what's important?
    Publication Date: June 2002
    Publisher: California School Leadership Academy


    Articles
    9 Roles of the School-based Coach   
    This article discusses the complexity of the duties school-based coaches face due to the new expectations of public education.
    Author: Joellen Killion and Cynthia Harrison
    Publication Date: 2005
    Publisher: National Staff Development Council (NSDC)

    NEW! Eight Elements of High School Improvement: A Mapping Framework   
    This framework provides a lens for mapping school, district, and state high school improvement efforts. This framework, updated from the original July 2008 version, incorporates new language and ideas from the U.S. Department of Education’s current education reform priorities.
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publisher: National High School Center

    NEW! High Quality Professional Development for All Teachers: Effectively Allocating Resources   
    This article discusses current research and policy related to high-quality professional development, factors that decision makers need to consider when making resource allocation decisions, and a description of evaluation methods for professional learning activities.
    Author: Sarah Archibald, Jane Coggshall, Andrew Croft, and Laura Goe
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publisher: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality

    NEW! Learning from Leadership Project   
    “Learning from Leadership” was a 5-year, $3.5 million research project funded by the Wallace Foundation that examined the effect of educational leadership on student achievement.

    The results of this study describe the nature of successful leadership practices at the state, district and school levels. The study also identifies how those practices shape instructional behaviors of teachers which ultimately lead to improved student learning.
    Author: Kyla Wahlstrom, Karen Seashore Louis, Kenneth Leithwood and Stephen Anderson
    Publication Date: July 2010
    Publisher: Wallace Foundation

    NEW! Turnaround Schools: District Strategies for Success and Sustainability   
    This guide offers tools to help a district make the best short-term budget decisions, leverage the opportunity of federal funding, and lay the foundation for long-term success.
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    NEW! Job-Embedded Professional Development: What It Is, Who Is Responsible, and How to Get It Done Well   
    This article emphasizes the importance of school-based learning and job-embedded coaching as necessary components of effective professional development.
    Author: Andrew Croft, Jane G. Coggshall, Megan Dolan, Elizabeth Powers, and Joellen Killion
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality

    NEW! School Funding Systems: Equity, Transparency, Flexibility   
    This guide helps district leaders use existing resources more effectively through shifting spending, targeting cuts, and laying the groundwork for long-term change.
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    NEW! Seven Strategies for District Transformation   
    This guide outlines seven key strategies for districts to improve student performance.
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    A Framework for Operational Quality: A Report from the National Consensus Panel on Charter School Operational Quality   
    This report is designed as a guide for charter school leaders and support organizations as they establish schools that are prepared to achieve and sustain success.
    Publication Date: 2009
    Publisher: National Alliance for Public Charter Schools

    Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled   
    This article presents findings of a study using peer, teacher, and self-reports to better understand the social and psychological problems exhibited by bullies and victims.
    Author: Jaana Juvonen, Sandra Graham, and Mark A. Schuster
    Publication Date: 2003, December
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics

    Classroom Walkthroughs: Learning to see the trees and the forest   
    Pilter and Goodwin discuss how to effectively use walkthroughs to collect data and provide useful feedback to educators to improve instruction.
    Author: Howard Pitler with Bryan Goodwin
    Publication Date: Summer 2008
    Publisher: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL)

    Education Leadership: A Bridge to School Reform   
    Education leadership has been called the “critical bridge” that can unite the many different school reform approaches in ways that practically nothing else can. This was the central theme of The Wallace Foundation’s national education conference held in October of 2007. This report shares lessons and experiences about how states, districts and universities are going about ensuring that all schools have well-trained, well-supported leadership.
    Author: M. Christine DeVita, Richard L. Colvin, Linda Darling-Hammond, Kati Haycock
    Publication Date: 2007, December
    Publisher: Wallace Foundation

    Foundations for Success: Case Studies of How Urban School Systems Improve Student Achievement   
    This report examines the experiences of three large urban school districts that have raised academic performance for their district as a whole while also reducing racial differences in achievement.
    Author: Jason Snipes, Fred Doolittle, and Corinne Herlihy
    Publication Date: 2002
    Publisher: MDRC

    Hard Questions about Practice   
    The author believes that educators need to look closely at the organizational and instructional practices in schools that affect the learning of students and adults, in order to effectively change practices and improve student learning. Instructional practice and the improvement of instructional practice are complex and require high levels of knowledge and skills across a number of important domains. Success requires that schools have structures that develop the knowledge and skills of administrators and teachers.
    Author: Richard F. Elmore
    Publication Date: 2002, May
    Publisher: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD)

    Interview with Michael Fullan: Change Agent   
    In this interview, Fullan discusses the need for professional learning communities and stresses the importance of a school culture to shape professional learning and student achievement.
    Author: Dennis Sparks
    Publication Date: Winter 2003
    Publisher: National Staff Development Council (NSDC)

    Is This School A Learning Organization? 10 Ways to Tell   
    Brandt argues that schools must function as flexible and responsive learning organizations. He presents 10 characteristics which educators can use to assess whether their school is in fact functioning as a learning organization.
    Author: Ron Brandt
    Publication Date: Winter 2003
    Publisher: California Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development

    Leading in Tough Times: New Lessons for Districtwide Reform   
    This article discusses 10 components the authors feel are crucial components in the success of large-scale systemic improvement.
    Author: Michael Fullan, Al Bertani, and Joanne Quinn
    Publication Date: 2004
    Publisher: Center for Development and Learning

    Making High School Students into “College Material”   
    This article discusses four program components — counseling, student academic supports, curricular rigor, and incentives — that appear most often in college preparatory initiatives.
    Author: William Corrin and Collin F. Payne
    Publication Date: 2009
    Publisher: MDRC

    Mathematics Intervention at the Secondary Prevention Level of a Multi-Tier Prevention System: Six Key Principles   
    The author lists and describes six principles necessary for RtI in mathematics at a secondary level.
    Author: Lynn S. Fuchs, Ph.D.
    Publication Date: Retrieved November 2008
    Publisher: RTI Action Network

    Principal Leadership in New Teacher Induction: Becoming Agents of Change   
    This article discusses the principal's role in lowering the high attrition rate among beginning teachers.
    Author: Finney Cherian and Yvette Daniel
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: International Journal of Educational Policy and Leadership

    RTI in a Middle School Culture: Fitting and Tailoring the Approach Through Leadership   
    This article shows how leadership is needed to successfully implement an RTI model.
    Author: Michelina Manzi, Elizabeth Alderton, and Jean Erdmann
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Academic Leadership

    School Design: Leveraging Talent, Time, and Money   
    This guide offers research on the effective allocation of talent, time, and money and the causes of
    misalignment between resource allocation and strategic goals.
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    Strategic Designs: Lessons from Leading Edge Small High Schools   
    Based on a three-year effort aimed at building understanding and tools that would support districts in creating cost-effective systems of high-performing urban high schools, Education Resource Strategies (ERS) created the following report and tools to support district leaders.
    Author: Karen Hawley Miles and Regis Anne Shields
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature   
    This article examines the characteristics of teachers who remain in the profession, the characteristics of schools and districts that successfully recruit and retain teachers, and the types of policies that show success in recruiting and retaining teachers.
    Author: Glenn A. Daley, Cassandra M. Guarino, and Lucrecia Santibañez
    Publication Date: 2006
    Publisher: Review of Educational Research

    The Three Stories of Educational Reform: Inside; Inside/Out; Outside/In   
    Fullan seeks to enhance discussion of educational reform by moving beyond the top-down vs. bottom-up debate to an analysis of differing perspectives of change based on internal dynamics (inside), recognition of outside forces (inside-outside), and roles of external agencies (outside-in).
    Author: Michael Fullan
    Publisher: Center for Development & Learning

    Three Simple Secrets of School-Based Coaching   
    The author gives some anecdotal pointers she has learned over her 15 years as a school-based literacy coach.
    Author: Juli Kendall
    Publication Date: November 29, 2006
    Publisher: Teacher Magazine

    Time & Attention in Urban High Schools   
    This publication provided ways to improve time and attention practices across whole systems of urban high schools.
    Author: Stephen Frank
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: Education Resource Strategies

    What Experience From The Field Tells Us About School Leadership And Turnaround   
    This document provides research that supports the idea that successful school transformation is characterized by strong school leaders who achieve dramatic results by intensely focusing all available resources on improving student learning.
    Author: Catherine Barbour et al.
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: American Institutes for Research

    What Keeps Good Teachers in the Classroom? Understanding and Reducing Teacher Turnover   
    This article discusses the costs associated with teachers leaving, the characteristics of those most likely to leave, and what can be done to prevent turnover.
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Alliance for Excellent Education


    Useful Links
    NEW! Arizona Teacher/Principal Evaluation Information   
    On April 25, 2011, the State Board of Education (SBE) unanimously passed the proposed Arizona Framework for Measuring Educator Effectiveness. This action resulted from the passage of SB 1040 that directed the SBE to adopt and maintain a model framework for teacher and principal evaluation that includes quantitative data on student academic progress. ADE will continue to update this page in order to provide the most current information and resources to assist all Local Education Agencies (LEA) with the successful implementation of the framework in the 2012-2013 school year.
    Publication Date: 2011
    Publisher: Arizona Department of Education

    AZ Response to Intervention (RTI)   
    The Response to Intervention (RTI) process is a multi-tiered approach to providing services and interventions to all learners at increasing levels of intensity. This page offers resources to Arizona educators regarding the academic and behavioral system of support.
    Publisher: Arizona Department of Education

    Essential Leadership in the School Change Process   
    This article provides snapshots of different things leaders need to be aware of during the change process.
    Publisher: Coalition of Essential Schools

    Meeting the Challenge: All Students Achieving Proficiency by 2014   
    The Southwest Comprehensive Center held a regional conference for SEA leadership teams on April 4-5, 2006. As the centerpiece of the conference, CC staff worked with Content Centers to identify research studies. This page contains the summaries of the findings.
    Publication Date: 2006
    Publisher: Southwest Comprehensive Center

    The Curriculum Mapping Knowledge Base   
    This webpage is an online resource supporting the development and use of curriculum mapping.
    Publisher: Mid-Continent Comprehensive Center

    Tiered Instruction/Intervention   
    The site offers details and information on the RtI process and articles as well as descriptions of the three tiers.
    Publication Date: Retrieved November 2008
    Publisher: RTI Action Network


    Other Resources
    NEW! Highlights from PISA 2009: Performance of U.S. 15 - Year Old Students in Reading, Math and Science Literacy in an International Context   
    This report provides international comparisons of average performance in reading literacy and three reading literacy subscales and in mathematics literacy and science literacy. It includes the percentages of students reaching PISA proficiency levels, for the United States and the OECD countries on average, and trends in U.S. performance over time.
    Author: Howard Fleischman, Paul Hopstock, Marisa Pelczar, and Brooke Shelley
    Publication Date: 2010
    Publisher: U.S. Department of Education

    Dr. Archer Video Series   
    “Dr. Anita Archer is a talented author and beloved teacher of teachers. This video series is one of her many gifts to the educational community. Produced with support from the Sonoma County Office of Education, it is made available at no cost thanks to her generous spirit.
    The series addresses strategic literacy instruction in grades K-8 using a research to practice approach grounded in pragmatic real-world application. Each video is 4 to 8 minutes long, has a particular strategic focus, and was shot unrehearsed in real time. A short viewing guide is included for each video, providing guidance for viewing and feedback for post-viewing applications.” Sonoma County Office of Education
    Author: Dr. Anita Archer
    Publication Date: 2008
    Publisher: Sonoma County Office of Education




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